Haval Plugin Hybrid Car

The cost of CO2 emissions, which means the impact these vehicles have on the environment and climate, also has financial implications. Even though plug-in vehicles don't emit CO2 while driving, the electricity they use to charge their batteries is often generated from burning fossil fuels that produce CO2.

Comparing the CO2 mitigation cost of the plug-in hybrid with the fully electric vehicle (BEV), the cost overall of the electric vehicle is less compared to the plug-in. The fully electric car is more energy efficient and has no tailpipe emissions. A tailpipe emission refers to the gases and pollutants released from the exhaust system of the vehicle's engine.

As compared to conventional vehicles, CO2 has a lower mitigation cost. However, one crucial concept in this is the wheel energy chain. This concept refers to the entire lifecycle of energy production, transportation, and consumption for the vehicle. The well-to-wheel energy chain is lower in plug-in hybrid vehicles than in fully hybrid and conventional cars. Compared to mild and full hybrids, they also have a higher cost. Higher upfront costs, battery technology, limited economies of scale, maintenance, service, and charging infrastructure increase prices.

The adoption of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles at large scale need a robust and easily accessible charging infrastructure. This requires high investment.

PHEVs enable bidirectional flow of power between vehicle and grid. Thus, it is required to upgrade our conventional grid with modern technologies and devices to implement this functionality which is again a cost intensive task There are lots manufacturers of PHEVs, charging stations, and utility service providers. There may be compatibility issues between all these components due to non-standardization of communication protocols and interfaces.

For proper optimization of grid operations, we need to manage and process the huge amount data produced by PHEVs and smart grid components. This requires advanced technology and investment.

In development and deployment of PHEVs in smart grid infrastructure require several certifications from government and regulatory bodies which adds additional processing time.