Formula Leopard

The consumption of fossil fuels can be reduced in the field of transportation. Because PHEVs do not have to refuel the car or require very little gasoline, they can save a lot of fossil fuels, which will have long-term political, economic, and environmental impacts.

Reduction of emissions. Due to the reduction in fuel consumption, with the large-scale introduction of PHEVs into the market, the overall emissions will be greatly reduced. The centralized generation of electricity is much more efficient and emits far fewer emissions than gasoline-powered cars. Emissions in cities and towns (caused by driving cars) and emissions in remote areas (caused by the production of electricity in power plants) can mitigate severe pollution in densely populated metropolises. In the future, as electricity comes more and more from renewable energy sources (which can be used by PHEVs), overall emissions will be further reduced.

Saving energy costs. The PHEV starts out using electrical energy. Since the equivalent energy unit of electricity is cheaper than fuel, the electricity cost per kilometer is less than that of gasoline. The current average price of gasoline is about 6 yuan/L, while the price per kilowatt-hour of electricity is 0.6 yuan. For a mid-size car, it can travel 12.7km per litre of petrol and 8km per kWh of electricity. This means that driving 12.7km, the cost of using electricity is 0.95 yuan (that is, 1.6kWh of electricity), and the cost of using gasoline is as high as about 6 yuan. Using electricity every 12.7km can save 5.05 yuan. However, PHEVs require more components, such as batteries and electric motors, resulting in a much higher overall price than conventional gasoline vehicles. The cost of buying a PHEV takes time to recoup through fuel savings. At current oil prices, it will take a longer time for car owners to recoup their initial investment costs. If oil prices rise, it is effective to amortize costs by saving fuel. At the same time, as the output of PHE V continues to rise, its cost will also continue to decline. Government incentives such as tax rebates also help subsidize the initial cost of PHEVs. In conclusion, differential pricing between energy sources is beneficial to the mass use and promotion of PHEVs.

Savings in maintenance costs. PHEVs help save maintenance costs. Since the vehicle uses regenerative braking as the auxiliary of the mechanical braking system, it can effectively reduce the wear and burden of the mechanical braking system during braking, and reduce the frequency of maintenance and repair (such as replacement of brake pads and replacement of brake fluid, etc.) of the braking system. Since the engine sometimes does not work or the working time is greatly reduced, the cycle of engine oil replacement and other maintenance items is long.

Backup power. The PHEV can be used as a backup energy source when using a two-way charger. The battery pack of a PHEV can usually provide 3~10kW of power to a home or office for several hours, and can also be further extended by the power generated by the on-board engine generator/motor.

Reuse of scrapped batteries. When the PHEV's battery pack is no longer sufficient for driving needs, it can be used to store electrical energy from the grid. Especially as more and more renewable energy generation is connected to the grid, the stability of the grid is even more important.

Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS): The Formula Leopard 5 is likely to be equipped with a comprehensive suite of ADAS features, potentially including:

• Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB)

• Lane Departure Warning (LDW)

• Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)

• Blind Spot Monitoring (BSM)

(Additional features may be available depending on trim level)

These features enhance driver confidence and contribute to a safer driving experience.